Determinants of Subjective Well-Being in Outpatients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Physical, Psychological, and Social Dimensions

Abstract

This study analyzed 109 outpatients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (85 men; 24 women) to identify factors associated with subjective well-being, with emphasis on physical, psychological, and social activities. The mean subjective well-being score among hemodialysis patients was 4.77, lower than the 4.95 mean score observed in the general elderly population aged 70 years and older. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified the following variables as significant predictors: higher age, absence of fatigue, lower total physical activity, concern for oral health, valuing interpersonal connections, and participation in community activities. Together, these variables explained 48.2% of the variance in subjective well-being. The findings suggest that the maintenance and enhancement of subjective well-being in hemodialysis patients require interventions to reduce fatigue, support oral health as part of health-oriented behavior, and promote both interpersonal connections and participation in community activities. Additionally, the association between total physical activity and employment highlights the necessity of considerations to facilitate the compatibility of work and treatment.