Infection of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and endocytosis/exocytosis

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infects respiratory cells, vascular endothelial cells, nerve cells, and other cells and propagates within host cells. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 to host cells is thought to be a model that directly infects the cytoplasm from the cell membrane, and a model that infects the cell using endocytosis, the mechanism of uptake of material into the cell. It is also thought that after infection, SARS-CoV-2 will proliferate in the host cell and then be released to the cell by exocytosis, the secretion mechanism of the cell. This review outlines the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by endocytosis and the extracellular secretion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by exocytosis.