Students’ observational perspectives and changes in the Fundamental Nursing Practicum

基礎看護学実習での学生の観察視点とその変化　ヘンダーソンの基本的看護の構成要素を用いた分析

Abstract

The present study aimed to clarify viewpoints and changes to them in a clinical practicum where nursing students took charge of patients for the first time. Students in a fundamental nursing practicum were asked to write down everything they observed in an observation record form when they visited their patients. The written contents of nine students’ records were qualitatively analyzed. The results were classified using Henderson's Need Theory comprising 14 basic nursing care components. It became clear that there are components that are easy for a student to capture and observe, such as the patient’s movement, and others that are difficult to observe, which require communication skills. The participating students, however, managed to cover and record most of the components during the practicum period. The analyses of their observation records revealed that they recorded both unmet and fulfilled components in a fair manner. The observation range of the students was wide, and as the clinical practicum progressed, it was expanded or focused according to the condition of the patient, and the observation continued or was terminated. The students’ observations were based on their sense of vision, temperature, smell, and touch as well as on their communication with patients.